Although many firms have received government subsidies to support their research and development (R&D), an understanding of their impact on innovation remains unclear. In response, the authors, based on the patent classifications adopted by many countries across the globe, divide innovation into three forms, including invention patents, utility model patents, and design patents, and study how government R&D subsidies influence each of them. Because external environments play an important role affecting firms’ strategy and outcomes, the authors investigate how technological turbulence and market uncertainty directly affect—and in combination with R&D subsidies—influence each patent type. Results from a longitudinal panel dataset of 463 high-tech firms across seven years show that R&D subsidies only influence inventions and utility models. The results further indicate that technological turbulence not only affects inventions directly but also interacts with R&D subsidies to impact inventions. In contrast, market uncertainty exerts opposing direct effects on all patent types, whereas R&D subsidies help alleviate its downside influence on utility models. More results and their implications to theory and practice are discussed toward the end.